Experts note the name selection “reflects the pope’s vision,” as with Benedict XVI’s focus on peace or John Paul II’s tribute to his predecessor. The process typically takes days, though modern conclaves average 2-3 ballots.
Following Pope Francis’ death, the College of Cardinals will gather in Rome to begin the secretive papal election process. Only cardinals under 80 may vote, taking oaths of secrecy before being sequestered in the Sistine Chapel. A two-thirds majority is required to elect the next pontiff, with votes burned after each ballot—black smoke signaling no decision, white smoke announcing success.
The tradition dates back centuries, designed to “ensure confidentiality and prevent external influence,” Vatican officials explain. Once elected, the new pope immediately chooses a symbolic name, as Francis did in honoring St. Francis of Assisi.
After accepting the role, the new pope is robed and presented from St. Peter’s Basilica balcony for his first “Urbi et Orbi” blessing. The entire conclave—from locked-door deliberations to the smoke signals—maintains ancient rituals blending spirituality and governance.
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